4.12.0.0 Pe­ri­odon­tal Dis­ease

Pe­ri­odon­tal dis­ease is more se­vere, and may be more preva­lent, in pa­tients with di­a­betes than in those with­out (81,82). Cur­rent ev­i­dence sug­gests that pe­ri­odon­tal dis­ease ad­versely af­fects di­a­betes out­comes, al­though ev­i­dence for treat­ment benefits re­mains con­tro­ver­sial (24).