3.0.0.0 SURGICAL TREATMENT FOR TYPE 1 DIABETES
Pancreas and Islet Transplantation
Pancreas and islet transplantation normalizes glucose levels but requires life-long immunosuppression to prevent graft rejection and recurrence of autoimmune islet destruction. Given the potential adverse effects of immunosuppressive therapy, pancreas transplantation should be reserved for patients with type 1 diabetes undergoing simultaneous renal transplantation, following renal transplantation, or for those with recurrent ketoacidosis or severe hypoglycemia despite intensive glycemic management (38).