Recommendations

5.1 In ac­cor­dance with the na­tion­al stan­dards for di­a­betes self-‍man­age­ment ed­u­ca­tion and sup­port, all peo­ple with di­a­betes should par­tic­i­pate in di­a­betes self-‍man­age­ment ed­u­ca­tion to fa­cil­i­tate the knowl­edge, skills, and abil­i­ty nec­es­sary for di­a­betes self-‍care. Di­a­betes self-‍man­age­ment sup­port is ad­di­tion­al­ly rec­om­mend­ed to as­sist with im­ple­ment­ing and sus­tain­ing skills and be­hav­iors need­ed for on­go­ing self-‍man­age­ment. B

5.2 There are four crit­i­cal times to eval­u­ate the need for di­a­betes selfman­age­ment ed­u­ca­tion and sup­port: at di­ag­no­sis, an­nu­al­ly, when com­pli­cat­ing fac­tors arise, and when tran­si­ti­ons in care occur. E

5.3 Clin­i­cal out­comes, health sta­tus, and qual­i­ty of life are key goals of di­a­betes self-‍man­age­ment ed­u­ca­tion and sup­port that should be mea­sured as part of rou­tine care. C

5.4 Di­a­betes self-‍man­age­ment ed­u­ca­tion and sup­port should be pa­tient cen­tered, may be given in group or in­di­vid­u­al set­tings or using tech­nol­o­gy, and should be com­mu­ni­cat­ed with the en­tire di­a­betes care team. A

5.5 Be­cause di­a­betes self-‍man­age­ment ed­u­ca­tion and sup­port can im­prove out­comes and re­duce costs B, ad­e­quate re­im­burse­ment by third-‍party pay­ers is rec­om­mend­ed. E