Children and Adolescents

3.2.13.0 Sec­tion 13

In­tro­duc­to­ry lan­guage was added to the be­gin­ning of this sec­tion re­mind­ing the read­er that the epi­demi­ol­o­gy, patho­phys­i­ol­o­gy, de­vel­op­mental con­sid­er­a­tions, and re­sponse to ther­a­py in pe­di­atric-‍onset di­a­betes are dif­fer­ent from adult di­a­betes, and that there are also dif­fer­ences in rec­om­mend­ed care for chil­dren and ado­les­cents with type 1 as op­posed to type 2 di­a­betes.

A rec­om­men­da­tion was added to em­pha­size the need for dis­or­dered eat­ing screen­ing in youth with type 1 di­a­betes be­gin­ning at 10–12 years of age.

Based on new ev­i­dence, a rec­om­men­da­tion was added dis­cour­ag­ing e-‍cigarette use in youth.

The dis­cus­sion of type 2 di­a­betes in chil­dren and ado­les­cents was significant­ly ex­pand­ed, with new rec­om­men­da­tions in a num­ber of areas, in­clud­ing screen­ing and di­ag­no­sis, lifestyle man­age­ment, phar­ma­co­log­ic man­age­ment, and tran­si­tion of care to adult pro­viders. New sec­tions and/‍or rec­om­men­da­tions for type 2 di­a­betes in chil­dren and ado­les­cents were added for glycemic tar­gets, metabol­ic surgery, nephropa­thy, neu­ropa­thy, retinopa­thy, non­al­co­holic fatty liver dis­ease, ob­struc­tive sleep apnea, poly­cys­tic ovary syn­drome, car­dio­vas­cu­lar dis­ease, dys­lipi­demia, car­diac func­tion test­ing, and psy­choso­cial fac­tors. Fig­ure 13.1 was added to pro­vide guid­ance on the man­age­ment of di­a­betes in over­weight youth.