This tool evaluates the risk associated with fasting during Ramadan for individuals with diabetes. By analyzing various health parameters and personal factors, it provides a personalized risk score to guide patients and healthcare providers in making informed decisions about fasting.
Table: Elements for risk calculation and suggested risk score for people with diabetes who seek to fast during Ramadan
AID, automated insulin delivery; CGM, continuous glucose monitoring; DKA, diabetic ketoacidosis; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HHS, hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state; LADA, latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (type 1 diabetes).
*Hypoglycemia requiring assistance for treatment.
**Macrovascular disease includes cardiac, cerebral, or peripheral.
Adapted from Hassanein et al. (224).
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee for Diabetes, 2026, 'Facilitating Positive Health Behaviors and Well-being to Improve Health Outcomes: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2026', Diabetes Care, vol. 49, supp. 1, pp. S89–S131.